Imperial - lite information

Janne 2010-12-17, 00:06

Imperial (http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/24181/imperial) är ett spel som Janne äger.

Nedan följer lite information.

Janne 2010-12-17, 00:26

Austria-Hungary
Population, 52.1 million;
area, 681,000 sq.km;
capital, Vienna (pop. 2 million).

Head of State
Franz-Joseph I (born 18 August 1830) became emperor of Austria at age 18 in 1848, and additionally king of Hungary in 1867. His accession to the Austrian throne was during the suppression of the March 1848 revolution.

Foreign Policy
After Prussia defeated Austria in 1866, Austria and Hungary became a dual monarchy in 1867, with Franz-Joseph I as its leader. Austria-Hungary pursues friendly relations with Germany, on which it depends for military and economic support. Relations with Italy are strained by grievances of the Italian minorities in south Tyrol and Dalmatia. In 1908, despite international protest, Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia, which officially belonged to Turkey.

Domestic Policy
Austria-Hungary consists of many different ethnic groups. Only 24 per cent of the population has German, and 20 per cent Hungarian, as their native language. The others, mainly Czech, Poles, Serbo-Croats and Ukrainians, feel culturally and economically disadvantaged and insist on their autonomy. The main bond unifying this basically divided folk is their loyalty to the crown.

Economy
The economy is at enormously different stages of development throughout the empire. Generally, the western regions are much farther advanced than the eastern. Due to its late start, industrialization in Austria-Hungary is still, by international comparison backward. The German empire is the main trading partner, taking almost half of Austria-Hungary's exports. Trade with its neighbor Russia is much smaller (3 per cent of Austria-Hungary's exports, 7 per cent of its imports). Main trading commodity is farm products.

Janne 2010-12-17, 17:41

Kingdom of Italy
Population, 35.1 million;
area 301,328 sq km;
capital, Rome (pop. 600,000).

Head of State
Victor Emmanuel III (born 11 November 1869) became king of Italy in 1900, succeeding his father who was assassinated.

Foreign Policy
Italy has formed the Triple Alliance with the German empire and Austria-Hungary. But it has secretly promised France that, in the event of a Franco-German war, it will remain neutral. Militarily, Italy is much weaker than its neighbors France and Austria-Hungary, particularly in technology and the number of troops. It is also worried about its long, unprotected coastline.

Italy has colonial ambitions in Libya and Abyssinia (later called Ethiopia) and is trying to extend its influence in the Balkans. Relations with Austria-Hungary are strained because of dissatisfactions on the part of the ethnic-Italian population in south Tyrol and Dalmatia.

Domestic Policy
Italy suffers from a great gap in the societal development between the North and the South. Government and military, in making their decisions, must always take into account the deep.rooted Italian regionalism. Burdensome too is the hostility between the government and the Catholic church., which has forbidden its members to serve the Italian state, which annexed the Vatican in 1870. 38 per cent of the population is iliterate, and hundred of thousands of Italians emigrate to America in search of work.

Economy
The economy is backward, compared with that of the other great European powers. Having no coal deposists of its own, Italy must fill almost 90 per cent of its energy needs with coal imports from Great Britain. Only in the North has an iron and steel industry developed, while the South suffers under a structure of small farms, a lck of investment, and poor transportation. The kingdom's per capita income is more like that of agricultural Spain than that of the other powers of Western and Central Europe.

Janne 2010-12-17, 18:07

Republic of France
Population, 39.7 million;
area, 543,965 sq.km;
capital, Paris (pop. 3.33 million)

Head of State
Raymond Poincaré (born 20 August 1860) is president of France since 1913, after serving 1912-1913 as premier.

Foreign Policy
France, which lost the war with Germany in 1870-1871, now concentrates its foreign policy on checking the growth of Germany's military might. It also seeks to recover its Alsace-Lorraine region, which Germany annexed. France almost went to war with Britain over a colonial rivalry in Africa in 1898, but now pursues friendly relations with Britain - starting in 1904 - and also with Russia. To weaken Germany, France provides Russia massive financial aid, to improve its military and its railroads.

Domestic Policy
France tries to progress from a conservative state to a modern social democracy. But fast-changing governments hinder projects like election reform, introduction of a progressive income tax with 4 per cent ceiling, and an attempt to limit the influence of the Catholic church. Despite advances like the 10-hour workday and old age pension for rail workers, there is increased unrest among the working population, and the government, supported by the middle classes, decisively puts down general strikes. The growing perceived-threat of danger from Germany leads to increased nationalism and appetite for war. While Germany's population rose 18 million from 1890 to 1914, the increase in France during that period was just over 1 million.

Economy
Through wealth and carefully-targeted foreign investment, France becomes, after Great Britain, the world's second biggest creditor nation. Still its economic power decreases in comparison to that of other nations, and its industrial capacity is only 40 per cent of Germany's. Agriculture, protected by high tariffs against foreign imports, occupies 40 per cent of the work force, and because of its small-farms base is a deterrent to French productivity and prosperity. Since 80 per cent of eligible young men are inducted for three years in the military, France maintains an impressive army, but at the cost of reductions in the work force that is needed to support the economy.

Janne 2010-12-17, 20:35

Great Britain and Ireland
Population, 45.5 million;
area, 313,280 sq. km;
capital, London (pop. 7.2 million)

Head of State
George V (born 3 June 1865) became King of Great Britain and Ireland in 1910.

Foreign Policy
Great Britain rules an empire that compromises 40 per cent of the earth's population and 25 per cent of its land surface. Challenged by Germany's naval buildup, Britain abandons its neutrality policy and holds discussions with France in 1904, and Russia in1907, but no alliances are formed. However the three nations agree to set aside their colonial rivalries in Asia and Africa. Britain's attempt to reach an understanding with Germany to guarantee Britain's naval supremacy fails because of German intransigence.

Domestic Policy
Democracy in Britain is well advanced. The King and House of Lords have continually yielded more and more of their rights to the parliamentary democracy. New election laws enlarging the voter base have led to substantial welfare spending. Labor has organized itself into unions, with expanding influence. The unresolved Ireland question is still debated vigorously in Parliament and agitation continues, with ever-increasing protest and rebellions among the Irish population, for an independent Ireland.

Economy
Owing to its colonial empire, naval bases and the world's largest merchant fleet, Great Britain is the unrivaled leader of world trade. The financial services provided by London make Great Britain the world's biggest investor, banker, insurer and raw materials supplier. However, the United States and the German empire have been catching up and passing it. Though Britain's coal, textiles and iron production have expanded. Britain's share of world production continues to decrease, and Britain is no longer the leader in the new industries like steel, chemicals, tool machinery and electronics. However despite these setbacks, Britain remains a highly developed and rich land, and therefore can devote a smaller percentage of its national income to defence than does any other European power.

Janne 2010-12-18, 10:23

German Empire
Population, 66.9 million;
area, 541,000 sq. km;
capital, Berlin (pop. 2.1 million).

Head of State
Wilhelm II (born 27 January 1859) became emperor of Germany in 1888. He loved uniforms and military splendour. After the dismissal of Chancellor Bismarck in 1890 he pursues a more aggressive German foreign policy.

Foreign Policy
Germany has ambitions to become a great world power. However its appetite for colonies, combined with sabre rattling and especially the hastened outfitting of a battle fleet pours cold water on Germany's relations with the other powers. Repeated attempts to reach an understanding with Great Britain on naval expansion fail. The old alliance system of Bismarck's with which the arch-enemy France was diplomatically isolated in Europe, collapses, since France now enjoys friendly relations with Britain and Russia. Only Austria-Hungary remains firm in its Germanic loyalty, as a resultof which Germany is later drawn into the Balkan conflict.

Domestic Policy
The movement toward social democracy in the German empire cannot be stopped despite introduction of social laws and the Prussian three-class voting system. However the nobility, military and civil servant class exert great influence and hold firm to their privileged status. The German middle class is conservative and does not show much interest in politics. Within border areas of the empire, there are local conflicts between Germans on one hand, and on the other, Poles, Danes or French living there who oppose Germanization.

Economy
Industrial production in Germany, which has grown at a fast rate, is by 1910, the highest in Europe. German steel production has almost triple since 1900, and by1914 totals the combined production of Great Britain, France and Russia. The internationally famous German school and university system supplies the German economy reliably with fully qualified specialists. In the new industries such as electronics, optics and chemicals, German enterprises dominate the world market. German agriculture has also greatly increased production through modernization.

Janne 2010-12-18, 13:21

Russian Empire
Population, 175.1 million;
area, 20,700,000 sq. km;
capital, St. Petersburg (pop. 1.9 million).

Head of State
Nicholas II (born 18 May 1868) became emperor of Russia in 1894. As conservative-thinking monarch, he fights against the modernization of Russia.

Foreign Policy
Russia's enormous size and gigantic fast-growing population practically guarantee it status as a world power. The seemingly unstoppable expansion of Russian might causes concern from Europe to Persia and China, but the embarrassing defeat of Russia by Japan in 1905 stops Russian expansion in the East. Russia agrees with Britain over spheres of influence in Persia and Afghanistan, then devotes itself to the Balkans, where it sees itself as protector of the Slavic peoples, and tries to win influence over the Strait of Bosporus, which is controlled by Turkey. As a result, tensions rise with Austria-Hungary, also with Germany, which is allied with both Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Against Germany, Russia is supported financially and militarily by Germany's arch-enemy, France.

Domestic Policy
In the big cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, with their fast-growing industries, a working-class society exists, but in the rest of the land the law and order of a feudal society prevails. The life expectancy in Russia amongst the lowest in Europe. The lack of infrastructure, the poverty of the workers and farmers, recurring famines, and lack of democracy cause big problems. Russia pays six times as much to maintain the military as for health and education. Emperor Nicholas has little interest in introducing reforms. He grudgingly authorizes an impotent Parliament, the Duma, and shortly afterwards dissolves it. Because the country resist reform, there are recurring revolts and unrest.

Economy
Despite impressive industrial production, (steel, coal, oil and military supplies), the Russian economy suffers because of the inefficiency of the state-controlled industrial buildup. The industrialization is mainly limited to the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Warsaw and Lodz. Large parts of the land agricultural and suffer from backward, feudal structure. 80 per cent of the population lives from farming, and still use wooden plows on the poor land. The railroad system was quickly expanded with French financing, but was unfortunately planned mainly with military and strategic movements in mind.

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